The Fall of Great Societies - 745 Words

Imagine a world where there were no problems, and everyone is happy. Few societies have not even been close to being this perfect. Great societies fail due to weak security systems, poverty, and inequality. The failed societies of Ancient Rome, Africa, and the dystopian novel Divergent by Veronica Roth, are all examples of great societies failing because of these three reasons. Weak security systems can be a huge impact on why societies have failed. In the book Divergent, the security system is available to hack into. This is not good to hack into computer systems because it can ruin all of the data of the society. Veronica Roth writes, â€Å" He presses the screen again, and everyone on the first floor goes still. There arms drop to the sides. And then the Dauntless move..... All the tension in my chest unravels, and I sit down, heaving a sigh... â€Å" I have to get the data,† he says, â€Å" or they’ll just start the simulation again.†.... â€Å" Got it,† says Tobias, holding up the computer’s hard drive† (Roth 480). This is not good for the society because if all of the data is able to hack into, the society is in danger. Invasions and attacks are popular ways that lead to societies failing. According to the video we watched, â€Å"Romans fought against themselves for control of the empire. They tried to defend it but it stretched as it was, the economy began to fail, but then came invasion. In the Western Empire, many citizens lost the will to fight. Then Rome’s security system came apart.Show MoreRelatedThe Main Causes Of The Fall Of Great Societies1328 Words   |  6 PagesGreat societies fail all around the world at anytime, is America in danger? How can we prevent our society from falling like others? Many past societies have fallen for various reasons, some reasons occur more than others and the three mains reasons that string through many of the societies are: political corruption, differing opinions in religion and excessive military spending. This information not only shows us information that caused powerful societies to fall but also shows what people rightRead MoreWhy Great Societies Fall Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is a great society? The key components to a great society are good economic values, strong government, and to make sure your citizens are happy. H owever, these societies have the opposite of that. These societies have bad laws and rules, citizens living in poverty, and they go through a ton of wars, but losing every single one. Leaving almost all of their soldiers dead. Minority of the societies getting treated unfairly, citizens rioting, dying, with no food, water, or even shelter for themRead MoreThe Role of Women in Society - Things Fall Apart Compared to Mother Was a Great Man704 Words   |  3 Pagesof Women in Society Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, demonstrates the original and traditional cultures of African, predominantly the Igbo culture. In traditional Igbo culture, men are perceived as the dominant and most powerful sex, while women are perceived as weak lesser people. Although women seem to play an inferior role in society, there are many traditions that exemplify the value and importance of women to males in society. Although women are mistreated, the Igbo society assigns importantRead MoreHow Societies Fall1272 Words   |  5 Pagesof a society without any flaws? A society where everything is perfect? Well keep dreaming because there is no such thing as a â€Å"Perfect Society† and there never will be. All societies fall, whether its from governmental corruption, Social injustice, or even economical failure. Calling something a perfect society is a difficult task, and Im not sure if anyone has ever been able to prove of their societies perfection. All societies will fail, the only difference is that not all will fall the sameRead MoreWhy Societies Fall644 Words   |  3 PagesWhile Great societies are well great, nothing can last forever. Many great societies that people thought will never die have fallen to various things. Take rome, they fell because inflation of money, which didnt allow for much spending. Or the Nazi’s. That Nazi government was very corrupt and fell because of what they did. Or even the Etruscans. They were overthrown by the very people they governed. So Societies fall for many reasons, including corrupt leaders, money inflation, and social rev olutionRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe868 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart Author of The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Stephen Chbosky wrote, â€Å"Things change. And friends leave. Life doesn’t stop for anybody† (Change). Change is inevitable to people at least once in their lives. While change can be intimidating, change can be both positive and negative in different aspects. The title of â€Å"Things Fall Apart† suggests the change that is to occur through the story and that most things cannot last forever. Titles of any work of literature hold valuable significanceRead MoreThe Main Problems in Fallen Societies947 Words   |  4 PagesSocieties fall due to three main problems, corrupt government, unemployment, and lack of freedom for citizens. So many things have fallen from grace, including society, I say it as a whole and not a plural due to the general rule that every society falls at some point. In a few sentences, describe what your entire essay will be about. You should state the three reasons why great civilizations and socie ties fall. There are three main reasons, all stemming from that fact that humans destroy what theyRead MoreReasons Behind the Fall of Rome, Mohenjo Daro and the Fictional Society in Unwind695 Words   |  3 Pagesfictional society of Unwind, everything falls at some point. The falling of societies is common, every society ever has fallen and has yet to fall. Societies fall due to corrupt government, overuse of resources and citizen revolts. Rome, Mohenjo Daro and Unwind fell due to those reasons. Societies can fall for a number of reasons, such as corrupt leaders or a corrupt government in general. Of all things corrupt government in general is pretty common, just think of Rome, or the fake society of UnwindRead MoreThe Fall of Rome and Nazi Germany697 Words   |  3 PagesSocieties flourish and fall, all of them do. They fight and suffer and even kill to keep their society alive. As a result, societies like ancient Rome and Nazi Germany, eventually fall and crumble. Over time some of these societies recover, but are never the same again. Societies fail due to political corruption, loss of resources and war. These obstacles are hard to overcome, but not impossible. These obstacles weaken and tear at societies, until they finally break, turning them into a piece ofRead MoreFallen Societies Undergo Social Injustice, Government Corruption, and Poverty 1218 Words   |  5 Pagessocial judgements? In different societies there are many different reasons that they could fall. S ocial injustice, corrupt government, and poverty are some of the different reasons that will be written about. In Divergent, Rome and Nazi,Germany there were similar downfalls between all of the societies. There are many ways for different societies to fall; social injustice, corrupt government, and poverty. Although there are many different reasons that a society could fall due to different political reasons

The World War I And The Death Of The Adolf Hitler

Born in Austria in 1889, he rose to power in German politics as leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party, also known as the Nazi Party. He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and served as dictator from 1934 to 1945. His policies triggered World War II and oversaw fascist policies that resulted in millions of deaths. Today we will discuss the early years, artistic dream, the role in World War I, rise to power, the leadership of Der Fà ¼hrer, and the death of the infamous Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in the Austrian border town of Braunau am Inn. His birth place is located roughly 65 miles east of Munich, Germany and 30 miles north of Salzburg, Austria. He was the fourth of six children born†¦show more content†¦At the age of fifteen, Hitler dropped out of primary school to follow his dreams of becoming an artist, and, at the age of 18, he moved to Vienna with money inherited after his father s death in 1903, in order to pursue a career in art, as this was his best subject at school. Werckmeister states that he went there intending to see operas and study the famous picture gallery in the Court Museum. Instead, he found himself fascinated by the city s beautiful architecture. Hitler put all his hope in the dream of achieving greatness as an artist. He wished to attend the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. In October 1907, he took the two day entrance exam for the academy s school of painting, but his test drawings were judged unsa tisfactory. He was not admitted. He was encouraged to consider the field of architecture. But without the required high school diploma, he would not be accepted into architecture school either. Thus, Hitler’s dreams of becoming a professional artist came to a bitter end (Werckmeister.) According to Klaus, Hitler moved to Munich, Germany in May 1913 in order to avoid arrest for evasion of his military service obligation to Habsburg Austria. It was financed by the last installment of his inheritance from his father. In Munich, he continued to drift, supporting himself on his watercolors and sketches until World War I gave his life new meaning. Klaus stated that Hitler was a brave soldier. He was promoted to the rank of Corporal, was

Lack of Sleep for Patients

Question: Give the literature review to identify problem area and justify the project to demonstrate a link to the evidence? Answer: Introduction The hospital environment is not the one that is conductive to sleep. The patients whoo are in the ICU are susceptible to disruption of sleep, which is secondary to environmental and medical issues. Although the frequency of such cases where the sleep of the patients is disrupted, is high, the quality of care being delivered to the critically ill patients is generally overlooked (Salas, R. and Gamaldo, C., 2008). The literature survey shows that the hospital wards have been associated with the difficulties experienced by the patients in falling asleep and getting insufficient sleep. And this eventually results in the sleep disturbances. These problems are restricted to the patients who are admitted into the ICU or are in the acute care settings. But very little research has been done on the conditions experienced by the older people who are admitted to the hospital and the problems or difficulties experienced by them with respect to their sleeping pattern (Ancoli-Israel S., 2009). In an exploratory qualitative research carried out on the older people, it was found that all the participants (older people) were subjected to dynamic changes in their sleeping pattern during the period of their hospitalization and this led to deprivation of sleep and even its disruption. The research concluded that the public environment of the ward and the prominent sense of helplessness was the main reason that caused lack of sleep. Moreover, the older people also reported the prevalence of certain cultural and social beliefs that hindered the opportunities of getting adequate amount of sleep. The research in this field is very essential as the implication of the nursing practice of inclusion of the assessment of the sleep in the patients during their admission in the wards, is important. Older patients perceive this assessment task as a vital component of the usual routine of the ward and should be used wherever possible (Lee, C et al., 2007). The lack of adequate sleep has been a ssociated with the dysfunction of the immune system, accompanied by the impairment of the resistance to any kind of infection as well as the alterations in the nitrogen balance and delaying in the healing of the wound. Although the effect of the surgical admission of the patients into the ICU and the impact on their sleeping pattern and the architecture, remain undefined, many research studies (both qualitative and quantitative) have been conducted to study and describe the quality and quantity of sleep as well as the architecture, as defined by the polysomnography (Randall et al., 2007). Therefore, it is important to devise methods for helping the patients to achieve maximum sleep and follow a designed pattern so that the immune system and the other functions of the body are not disrupted. This research proposal aims to improve the care experience of the patients by allowing them to sleep without any disruption, thereby helping in improving their patient related outcome and increas ing their satisfaction level. The project also aims to devise such methods that maintain the privacy and the dignity of the patients ane enable them to have their own say in the decisions regarding their care. Literature Review Lack of sleep is a critical issue for patients in basic consideration units. Slumber is an intricate, dynamic process that is isolated into 4 phases of non-fast eye development (NREM) slumber, and quick eye development (REM) rest. Clamor, lights, inconvenience, torment, prescriptions, and stretch all add to a persistent's failure to rest. Absence of information about the slumber stages, nursing schedules, and continuous nursing evaluation and mediations likewise affect the discriminatingly sick quiet's capacity to rest. Instruction about lack of sleep needs to be coordinated into discriminating consideration courses and introduction programs. Lack of sleep ought to be tended to on the multidisciplinary consideration arrangement and in wellbeing group meeting, and nursing consideration arranged appropriately. Rest solutions and their belongings ought to be assessed for every patient, and in addition distinguishing medicines that may be anticipating or aggravating slumber (Lee-Chiong T ., 2008; Cronin AJ, Keifer JC, Davies MF, King TS, Bixler EO., 2001). Proof recommends that intense disease/damage and the ICU environment decrease remedial slumber, in any case, it has been hard to evaluate event rates because of differed meanings of slumber aggravation, estimation issues, and the difficulties of directing slumber examines in the ICU (Redeker NS, 2008). Despite the difficulties, confirmation proposes that a generous extent of ICU patients experience poor slumber quality, delayed slumber inactivity, and incessant arousals/enlightenments that add to physical and passionate distress (Cooper et al., 2000; Gabor JY, Cooper AB, Hanly PJ, 2001). In a vast investigation of therapeutic and surgical ICU patients (n = 1,625), 38% accomplished trouble nodding off, and 61% reported a more prominent than normal requirement for sleep (Orwelius et al., 2008). In another study, almost 70% of ICU patients with growth encountered a moderate or serious level of slumber unsettling influence, and poor slumber was distinguished as a standout amongst the mos t distressing parts of their ICU stay (Nelson et al., 2001). Several months after healing center release, more than a large portion of ICU survivors (n =39) kept on encountering more terrible intruded on slumber or modified slumber examples contrasted and their prehospital patterns (Kelly MA, McKinley S., 2010). Sleep examine in the ICU is in its outset and further examinations of medical attendant driven appraisal and mediations are expected to minimize the negative results of slumber unsettling influence in basically sick patients (Friese RS, 2008). Most of the patients who are admitted in the critical care unit of the hospital, experience disturbance in their sleep, which increases or adds on to their illness. Even psychological stress alone can have a huge but negative impact on the sleeping pattern of any individual. Research based statistics say that critical care patients spend around 40-50% of their time being awake and out of the remaining time only 3-4% is spent in REM sleep. During the stay in the hospitals, the patients suffer from excessive psychological stress. These stressors lead to the need for more REM sleep for the patients but the psychological state of mind prevents them from getting adequate amount of sleep (Honkus, V., 2003).In a study carried out by Novaes and colleagues, the evaluation of the physical and psychological stressors that are responsible for sleep deprivation in the Intensive care unit (ICU). The study was conducted with 50 patients and they were asked to fill and submit the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale, in which there were 40 items that were to be ranked from being very stressful to not stressful. Amongst these items, the inability to sleep, was ranked at the second most stressful condition, first being the pain (Novaes et al., 1997; Lautenbacher S, Kundermann B, Krieg JC., 2006). Lack of sleep has been indicated to impel a catabolic state and adversely influence the resistant framework and recuperating (Goel N, Rao H, Durmer JS, Dinges DF, 2009). There is diminished capacity to oppose and battle contamination, further affecting the mending process and hospitalization. Notwithstanding immunosuppression and diminished tissue repair, studies report diminished agony resilience and significant weariness of the thoughtful operational hubs. Ordinarily, cortisol is discharged in the morning to help set up the body for the day's stressors. Cortisol is additionally discharged amid time of anxiety, and serves to diminish aggravation by bringing about adjustment of lysosomal layers in harmed cells. Drawn out emission of cortisol in any case, meddles with the body's capacity to mend and battle disease on the grounds that it can hinder the aggravation methodology, restrain development of connective tissue and granulation, and smother counter acting agent formation. Cortiso l discharges are regularly lessened amid slumber and ascend during the early hours after circadian rhythms. Lack of sleep in discriminating consideration patients draws out cortisol discharge and results in diminished mending, making patients more vulnerable to disease and a delayed recuperation process. Lack of slumber has additionally been indicated to add to upper aviation route musculature brokenness and blunting of hypercapneic and hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness, antagonistically influencing gas trade. This could have a noteworthy effect on the patients who face problem with respiration, especially the individuals who are being weaned from the ventilator or the individuals who have recently been extubated (Honkus, V., 2003). Although the nurses are very attentive with respect to the signs and symptoms shown by their patients, the indication of lack of sleep are generally not very apparent during the initial stages). The behavioural changes like the irritation or restlessness may be seen within 48 hours. Even disorientation and slurred speech can be used as an evidence preceding psychotic behavior (occurring within 96 hours). Patients in the critical care unit spend most of their time in the lighter stages of sleep and therefore are not able to utilize the beneficial stages of sleep. The main reasons for this kind of sleep interference include noisy and unfamiliar environment, excessive lighting, pain, discomfort, stress, anxiety and the illness (Honkus, V., 2003). Natural commotion is because of a mixture of reasons, including ringing telephones, talking, beepers, speakers installed overhead, and hardware sounds from suction mechanical assembly and mechanical ventilation. Cautions from cardiovascular screens, beat oximeters, and ventilators add to the commotion contamination (Costa, S and Ceolin, M., 2013; Celik S, Ostekin D, Akyolcu N, Issever H., 2005). Especially irritating are ventilator cautions that are very loud while patients are being suctioned. Patients spotted close to the medical caretakers' station and storage spaces are regularly exposed to more commotion and light. General inconvenience is another reason generally given for failure to rest (Ohayon MM., 2009). Patients frequently whine about the healing center beds that are uncomfortable, and the failure to get settled. Being connected to observing hardware, for instance, keeps a patient from mulling over his stomach, if that is his favored resting position (Weinhouse, G and Scha wb, R., 2006; Bourne RS, Mills GH., 2004). The terminal pads used for seeing eventually cause the skin to wind up exasperated and irksome. Oxygen can cause extreme dryness in the nasal passage if it is supplied without being humidified. Having intravenous central lines, and dressings can lead to more discomfort. The temperature of the room or not sufficiently having spreads may unfavorably impact rest. In the midst of REM rest, thermoregulation is missing and shuddering or sweating can't happen, in this manner individuals' body temperature is clearly impacted by their surroundings. Right when the earth is unreasonably frigid or excessively hot, REM sleep will be lessened. Torment has been joined with the inability to rest in a couple of studies. In Novaes' study to evaluate physical and mental stressors in the ICU, 50 patients were given the Critical Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale and asked to rank the 40 things from not disagreeable to uncommonly troubling. The patients pla ced isolation as the topmost thing that irritated them or the one which they found troubling, on the scale by these crisis unit Patients in essential thought units may have torment for a grouping of restorative and surgical reasons, and these patients are consistently subjected to therapeutic techniques that are anguishing too. It has been recommended that separating thought restorative guardians expect that the patients are highly stressed or at high peril for torment, and assess and treat in like way (Honkus, V., 2003). In one of the descriptive study aimed at identifying the pattern of sleep, its quality and quantity and also the prevalence, the scientists found that the frequency of sleeping problems with the patients admitted in the hospitals, was high. The data from the nurses was collected by means of conducting a questionnaire and the night reports of the nurses was evaluated. The disruption in sleep was in the form of delayed onset of the sleep or the early awakening, both of which resulted in short durations of total sleeping time. By the seventh day of admission the results related to sleeping disturbances improved significantly but still the patients complained about the feeling of restfulness in the early hours of morning. Yet again in this study, the identified causes of sleeping problem were the environmental factors like noise, light, cold, heat, disturbance by insects/mosquitos, etc. Even frequent awakening by the nurses for getting the hourly observations resulted in sleep deprivatio n. The study further highlighted the need for further re assessment of the habit of interrupting the sleep of the patients for certain procedures and the treatements (John, M, Edit, O and Mgbekem, M., 2007; Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, et al., 2002). The disturbance in the sleep wake cycle of the patients can prove fatal for their recovery. It is important to implement measures that take care of the patients during their admission in the hospital and help them take total hours of sleep in a comfortable and quiet manner (Lane, T and East, L., 2008). This protocol for initiating and promoting proper sleeping patterns begins with the initial assessment of the patient and the family for identifying the actual sleeping patterns of the patient. The patient should be questioned about the factors or the conditions that help him/ her sleep well at home. Secondary to this, the patient should be analysed for the the persisitent pain, anxiety or dyspnea and the conditions that help the patient in overcoming these conditions of health/ illness Drouot X, Cabello B, d'Ortho MP, Brochard L., 2008; Berger AM., 2009). This initial assessment is followed by the implementation of the sleep enhancing interventions like assisting the patient in comple ting the night time routine that is familiar to him/ her, helping him/ her to find a comfortable sleeping position (Sethi, D., n.d). The main help that a nurse can do is to reduce the environmental stress or restlessness by dimming the lights, maintaining a quiet and peaceful environment, closing the doors, keeping all the phones on silent (near to the rooms of the patients) and refraining from using the intercom (except in very urgent or emergency situations). Literature has proved that by promoting the long blocks of uninterrupted sleep (by reducing the frequency of disturbing the patients) has yielded more fruitful patient outcomes. A warm drink before bedtime also helps in stimulating sleep (Colten HR, Altevogt BM, 2006). Studies have also shown that sleep deprivation is not only the cause of concern fro the patients but also for the parents who stay back at the hospitals. Due to stressors like the illness or the monotonous environment of the hospital, the sleep of the family members as well as the parents also tends to get disturbed, leading to adverse health outcomes (McCann, D, 2008). There have been many nursing strategies to promote proper sleeping patterns of the patients. There has been a great controversy regarding the impact of mechanical ventilation on the sleeping pattern and according to Orwelius, Nordlund, Nordlund, Edll-Gustafsson Sjberg (2008), mechanical ventilation has no significant impact on the sleeping pattern (Bosma et al., 2007). However, this hypothesis was contradicted by ugras and Oztekin (2007) because of ventilator dysynchrony. Similarly, the effect of routinely nursing cares like eye-mouth care, dressing, pressure area care, washing the patient, etc. further increase the disturbance of sleep. In 1993, Edwards and Schuring proposed a model according to which the care should be provided between 0100 hrs and 0500 hrs. There were many limitations to this model as well. But most of the hospitals are implementing the modifications in the working shifts in order to prevent sleep disturbance. Use of sedative medicines is also being encouraged as it promotes comfort, amnesia and sleep (Parthasarathy Tobin, 2006; Mistraletti, Donatelli Carli, 2005). Conclution The sleep disturbance and the corresponding fatigue are significant problems that affect mostly all the patients who are admitted into the hospital. There are many factors contributing to this condition of sleep deprivation- environmental, stress, medical or surgical conditions, medications, treatment, pain, etc. A combined approach is needed in order to allow the patients to sleep properly and relax in the comfortable environment of th ehospital. This project aims in providing the necessary interventions and the strategies that will promote appropriate sleeping patterns in all the patients. Taking after an extensive appraisal of ecological and patient components, a consideration arrangement can be contrived to give times of continuous slumber, recognize prescriptions regimens that advance rest and lessen exhaustion, and propose non-pharmacological mediations in view of individual patient needs and yearnings. Support from all individuals from the health awareness group is expected to actualize changes and make strides in tending to patients' slumber and vitality needs. Ideal administration of patients' slumber unsettling influence and exhaustion in the ICU may augment patient advance and enhance wellbeing results long after release from the intense consideration setting (Shields et al., 2004). Medical attendants are decently situated to distinguish issues in their own units that avoid compelling patient slumber. Instruction about slumber aggravation and weakness evaluation/administration needs to be coordinated into discriminating consideration courses and introduction programs (Honkus, V., 2003). References 1. Ancoli-Israel S. (2009). Sleep and its disorders in aging populations. Sleep Med., 10 Suppl 1:S7S11.2. Berger AM. (2009) Update on the state of the science: Sleep-wake disturbances in adult patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 36(4):E165E177.3. Bosma, K., Ferreyra, G., Ambrogio, C., Pasero, D., Mirabella, L., Braghiroli, A., et al. (2007). Patient-ventilator interaction and sleep in mechanically ventilated patients: pressure support versus proportional assist ventilation. Critical Care Medicine. 35(4), 1048-1054.4. Bourne RS, Mills GH. (2004). Sleep disruption in critically ill patients--pharmacological considerations. Anaesthesia. 59(4):374384.5. Bryant, R., Creamer, M. Donnell, M, Silove, D and McFarlane, A. (2010). Sleep disturbance immediately prior to trauma predicts subsequent psychiatric disorder. Sleep, 33(1): 69-74.6. Celik S, Ostekin D, Akyolcu N, Issever H. (2005). Sleep disturbance: the patient care activities applied at the night shift . J Clin Nurs, 14(1):102-6.7. Colten HR, Altevogt BM, (2006). Functional and Economic Impact of Sleep Loss and Sleep-Related Disorders. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. National academic press.8. Cooper AB, Thornley KS, Young GB, Slutsky AS, Stewart TE, Hanly PJ (2000). Sleep in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest., 117(3):809-18.9. Costa, S and Ceolin, M. (2013). Factors that affect inpatients quality of sleep*. Rev Esc Enferm USP, 47(1): 46-52.10. Cronin AJ, Keifer JC, Davies MF, King TS, Bixler EO. (2001). Postoperative sleep disturbance: influences of opioids and pain in humans. Sleep, 24(1):3944.11. Drouot X, Cabello B, d'Ortho MP, Brochard L. (2008). Sleep in the intensive care unit. Sleep Med Rev. 12(5):391403.12. Friese RS (2008). Good night, sleep tight: the time is ripe for critical care providers to wake up and focus on sleep. Crit Care, 12(3):146.13. Gabor JY, Cooper AB, Hanly PJ (2001). Sleep disruption in the intensive care unit. Cu rr Opin Crit Care., 7(1):21-7.14. Goel N, Rao H, Durmer JS, Dinges DF. (2009). Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Semin Neurol, 29(4):320339.15. Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, et al. (2002). Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med, 30:119-41.16. John, M, Edit, O and Mgbekem, M. (2007). Sleep disturbance among patients in hospitals: implications for nursing care. West African Journal of nursing, 18(1): 42-48.17. Honkus, V. (2003). Sleep deprivation in critical care units. Critical care nursing quarterly, 26(3): 179-191.18. Kelly MA, McKinley S (2010). Patients' recovery after critical illness at early follow-up. J Clin Nurs., 19(5-6):691-700.19. Lane, T and East, L. (2008). Aleep disruption experienced by surgical patients in acute hospital. British Journal of nursing, 17(12): 766-71.20. Lautenbacher S, Kundermann B, Krieg JC. (2006). Sleep deprivation and pain perception. Sleep Med Rev , 10(5):357369.21. Lee, C et al. (2007). Older mens experiences of sleep in the hospital. Journal of clinical nursing, 16(2):336-343.22. Lee-Chiong T. (2008). Sleep Medicine: Essentials and Review. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.23. McCann, D. (2008). Sleep Deprivation Is an Additional Stress for Parents Staying in Hospital. Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing, 13(2): 111-122.24. Mistraletti, G., Donatelli, F. Carli, F. (2005). Metabolic and endocrine effects of sedative agents. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 11(4), 312-317.25. Nelson JE, Meier DE, Oei EJ, Nierman DM, Senzel RS, Manfredi PL, Davis SM, Morrison RS (2001). Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care. Crit Care Med., 29(2):277-82.26. Ohayon MM. (2009). Pain sensitivity, depression, and sleep deprivation: links with serotoninergic dysfunction. J Psychiatr Res. 43(16):12431245.27. Orwelius, L., Nordlund, A., Nordlund, P., Edll-Gustafsson, U. Sjberg, F .(2008). Prevalence of sleep disturbances and long-term reduced health-related quality of life after critical care: a prospective multicenter cohort study. The Critical Care Forum, 12(4), 1-11.28. Parthasarathy, S. Tobin, M. (2006). Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit. In M. Pinsky, L. Brochard J. Mancebo (Eds.). Applied Physiology In the Intensive Care Medicine. (147-156). New York, Unites States of America: Springer.29. Randall, F, Ramon, D, Heidi, F and Larry, g. (2007). Quantity and Quality of Sleep in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit: Are Our Patients Sleeping? Journal of Trauma Injury Infection Critical care, 63(6): 1210-1214.30. Redeker NS (2008). Challenges and opportunities associated with studying sleep in critically ill adults. AACN Adv Crit Care, 19(2):178-85.31. Salas, R. and Gamaldo, C. (2008). Adverse effects of sleep deprivation in the ICU. Elsevier, 24(3): 461-476.32. Sethi, D. (n.d). Paediatric Sedation, Retrieved April 5, 2015, from https://www.anaesthesiauk.com/D ocuments/105%20Paediatric%20sedation.pdf#xml=https://www.frca.co.uk/SearchRender.aspx?pdf=onDocId=1008Index=D%3a%5cdtSearch%5cUserData%5cAUKHitCount=1hits=7e6+33. Shields et al. (2004). Sleep deprivation for pediatric sedated procedures: Not worth the effort. Pediatrics, 113(5): 1204-8.34. Ugras, G. Oztekin, S. (2007). Patient perception of environmental and nursing factors contributing to sleep disturbances in a neurosurgical intensive care unit. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 212(3), 299-308.35. Weinhouse, G and Schawb, R. (2006). Sleep in the critically ill patient. SLEEP, 29(5):707-716.

Information Management Systems in the US medi

Executive Summary Organisations having much information to analyse as the basis of making decisions often employ large numbers of employees in case they do not deploy management information system (MIS) to ease the analysis process.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Information Management Systems in the US medi-corp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, from the perspective of the US medi-corp, which is a hypothetical company, such an approach introduces ineffectiveness and inefficiencies in decision making especially where decisions from different departments are to be fed into a central platform to arrive at an overall decision to execute a given task. The current paper introduces ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) as an MIS strategy for handling customer relationship challenges, supply chain management, and manufacturing function challenges of the US medi-corp. Background When an organisation grows in t erms of its size and production capacity, its customer and supply chain problems and complaints become difficult and time consuming to solve. This case is evident in the US medi-corp (a hypothetical company). The US medi-corp manufactures medical equipment, which it sales within the US after sourcing manufacturing materials from a myriad of suppliers located across the US. Apart from sales of products, the company also gets revenue from customer support services such as maintenance of the medical equipment. The company has a hierarchical management structure so that command flows from the top to bottom. Making the organisational decisions is informed by the information flowing from customers, suppliers, and other organisational stakeholders to and from the organisation. The strategic plan of the company is to exploit the global market. To achieve this goal, the US medi-corp values employees as the most important asset available to realise its strategic plans.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Operating in such a business environment, the company has been constantly looking for solutions to facilitate both urgent and quick decision-making processes especially in its effort to engage in the global trade. Setting the Stage The operation of the company has faced a number of problems in the continued effort of the US medi-corp to resolve supply chain and customer problems and complaints with urgency. Indeed, this major problem may hinder the success efforts of the company since, â€Å"in a fiercely competitive environment, business strategy not only determines success, but also governs business survival† (Fui-Hoon Lee-Shang 2001, p.285). Hence, it is important for the US medi-corp to anticipate putting in place mechanisms of response besides ensuring an ardent reaction to market place demands. Due to the increasing number of the customers that th e US medi-corp has to attend, problems such as quick location of the customer and determination of frequency of purchases for each customer have been encountered in the recent past. Consequently, making decisions on market targeting has proved problematic thus making the company suffer from being unable to precisely forecast its production. The above problem is even more significant by noting that making target marketing decision in good time results in challenges for â€Å"helping to determine, which of the business practices could be altered to increase customer numbers† (Grant, Hall, Wailes, Wright 2006, p.7).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Information Management Systems in the US medi-corp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using the current information management systems, which are highly dependent on interaction of human decision makers (department heads and general managers) with segregated in formation systems running on different computers, location of past records involving customer communication is hard to access thus resulting to slowed resolution of customer disputes. In effecting the transactions between suppliers and organisation, the fact that information is held on different computers makes it difficult to urgently prepare all documents relating to a specific transaction (Kraemmerand 2003, p.229). This challenge forms a major hindrance to the attainment of the strategic plan of the company since â€Å"every minute that staff members spend on editing or otherwise generating paper work is an extra minute they are being less productive† (Head 2005, p.65). Therefore, a solution is necessary to enhance speedy preparing of documents ranging from invoices, shipping labels, purchase orders, receipts, and customer communication to preparation of manufacturing plans based on customers’ demands. Case Description People Perspective The challenges discussed abo ve among others have attracted various concerns from organisational stakeholders. The people of the US medi-corp are organisational stakeholders who are affected by the current state of information management systems. There is a challenge of efficient and effective management of the immense customer information base. Therefore, it has come to the attention of the US medi-corp that customers are conceiving the company as overlooking their orders. Consequently, the US medi-corp is concerned that it may lose dissatisfied customers to its competitors in the industry.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the attempt to build goods customer relations to retain them amid the looming challenges at least in the short-run before a solution is sought, the customer communication department sends individualised massages to explain the circumstances for order delivery delays coupled with other issues related with customer service. However, in this process, due to the large number of customer base, messages are sometimes sent to unintended customers. In some situations, messages are sent to the right customers though with the wrong preferred option. In the case of suppliers, staff members are incapable to make purchases of raw materials from the most outstanding suppliers. Organisational Perspective It is concerning the organisation that customer complaints and challenges in keeping track of the best suppliers will impair the success of the US medi-corp. With the increasing of customer base, the capacity of employees to handle the entire customer base both effectively and effectively with the current state of information management system is a major problem. In the realisation of this problem, the boards of directors coupled with the respective line managers meet to discuss the way forward. It was held that an intervention was necessary in the effort to ensure that the company will be able to handle even more quality and time cautious customers across the globe. In the organisation perspective, the most preferred strategy is the one that would result to low costs in the long run but ensure that customers are well satisfied with both by the products and services offered by the US medi-corp. Technology Perspective Current information management technology deployed at the company is customised for each department. For example, the manufacturing department makes decisions based on inventory levels of raw material, material in the process, and the finished products. Since the US medi-corp does not intend to hold large numbers of finished products, information from the sal es department is essential in determining manufacturing decisions. Unfortunately, since the information technology systems are customised as per the department, the manufacturing department depends on the analysed customer information from the sales department before consulting with the procurement so that raw materials can be sourced. This decision-making process takes time thus resulting to delayed order executions. In the effort to raise sale levels of the US medi-corp, the company has developed a web based sales strategy. However, this strategy faces a challenge since â€Å"web customers cannot choose a product related to the one they are looking for if they do not know that it exists† (Vilpola, 2008, p.63). From the technological perspective, a MIS technology that would integrate all the functions of the US medi-corp departments is required. Solution Design Options To help in the resolution of the problems faced by the US medi-corp, integration of the information managem ent systems is required to enhance rapid decision-making. Indeed, rapid decision-making is required for an organisation having large numbers of stakeholders whose contribution in the organisation affects the activities of the whole organisation (Dehning Stratopoulos 2003, p.211). For the case of the US medi-corp, this outcome could be attained in three main ways. The first option is to design a decision support system. The second option is to design and implement a transaction processing system. Finally, the third option is designing and implementation of a MIS that integrates these two systems. The choice of either system is based on SWOT analysis of each of the MIS systems. The decision support system has the strength of helping to make various decisions based on the analysis of data and statistical projections. Transaction processing system has the strength of â€Å"providing away of collecting processes, store, display, modify, or cancel transaction† (Mureell 2001, p.9). The decision support systems create an opportunity for improvement of the quality of the decisions made by organisation managers as opposed to replacement of the managers. Through a transaction processing system, an organisation gains an opportunity to permit multiple transactions to occur simultaneously (Davenport 2003, p. 128). In addition, through the transaction processing system, data collected by the system can be â€Å"stored in databases, which can then be used to produce reports such as billing, wages, inventory, summaries, manufacturing schedules, or check registers† (Fryling 2010, p.327). The two systems share common threats in that security of the systems is a big issue. A major weakness of the transaction processing system is that the appropriateness of the transactions is overly dependent on the accurateness of the information maintained in the databases. On the other hand, the decision support system is slower in helping to arrive at a decision because it inte racts with human decision makers. Upon consideration of the systems’ strengths and opportunities, the US medi-corp needs to take advantage of the strengths and opportunities of both designs. Hence, an integrated information system is selected for design and implementation. This system is the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Solution and Implementation The selected solution is implemented so that the US medi-corp is able to integrate all its production and management function in a manner that decisions are quick to make and respond to all the US medi-corp stakeholders’ concerns in real time. Figure 1 below shows a schematic diagram of the modelling the ERP version to be used at the US medi-corp. Fig 1: Source (Turban et al. 2008, p.300) Implementation Methodology The implementation of the solution entangles the construction of the ERP system and introducing it in the US medi-corp. This step encompasses the construction of both software and hardware. Alternatively, t he hardware and the software can be sourced from manufactures who can customise it to suit the requirements of the US medi-corp. This option is preferred to save time that is required for the new MIS to be fully operational in the organisation. In the process of sourcing the software, bidding is the first step. The selected bidder will be based on the ‘low-price-bidder’ basis. However, the ERP software supplied must be able to support integration of external and internal management information throughout the US medi-corp. It should have modules for management of manufacturing functions, service and sales, modules for management of customer relationships, inventory control, production planning and forecasting, and procurement among other modules that would â€Å"facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organisation to manage the connections to outside stakeholders† (Yusuf, Gunasekaran Abthorpe 2004). ERP is an expensive MIS in the short-run. Hence, the US medi-corp needs to cut the costs of hardware meaning that the ERP supplied needs to be compatible with the current US medi-corp’s hardware, which supports Windows NT, UNIX, and mainframe. Implementation of the ERP at the US medi-corp will require change management, which entails alteration of the processes that employees utilise to conduct the business of the organisation. Many operations that were executed by employees manually or with interventions of computers will now be integrated and automated throughout in the organisation’s processes. Therefore, employees will be retrained on how to use the new system to help them â€Å"share common data and practices across the entire enterprise to produce and access information in a real-time environment† (Fui-Hoon Lee-Shang 2001, p.285). Since the company does not have a technical team to facilitate the implementation of the MIS, a third vendor will be hired to evaluate the customisation needs of the organisation to suit its needs. Figure 2 below shows these customisation requirements. Fig 2: Customisation requirements The above areas of customisation evidences that ERP scope entangles significant alterations of staff work practices and working process (Monk Wagner 2009, p.56). Consequently, incomplete understanding of various processes before the implementation is initiated may lead to failure of the project (Somers et al. 2000, p.1001). The implementation methodology is based on the Markus and Tanis (2000) ERP life cycle. The phases are â€Å"chartering, project, and Shakedown† (Markus and Tanis 2000, p.173). The chartering phase comprises the evaluation of various decisions that lead to the funding of the ERP project. The main players in this phase are vendors, executives of the organisations, consultants, and the IT specialists of the company. The main activities encompass initiation of the ideas, making decisions to proceed with the project, and scheduling and planning of the project after selection of the ERP as the main software solution that will be implemented. In the project phase, rollout and system configuration is done. The main key players are the team members of the project, internal information technology specialists, vendors, and managers from the functional areas and business units to be integrated under ERP. The activities of the phases are software configuration, testing, integration, training, rollout, and conversion of processes. In the shakedown phase, bugs are fixed coupled with systems rework, retraining, tuning of the system performance, ands ensuring adequate staffing to ensure that temporary inefficiencies are mitigated. Monitoring of the ERP system is also conducted in this phase to ensure that no bug remains. References Davenport, T 2003, ‘Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system’, Harvard Business Review, vo.5 no.2, pp. 121-131. Dehning, B Stratopoulos, T 2003, à ¢â‚¬ËœDeterminants of a Sustainable Competitive Advantage Due to an IT-enabled Strategy’, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol. 12 no.3, pp. 202-241. Fryling, M 2010, ‘Estimating the impact of enterprise resource planning project management decisions on post-implementation maintenance costs: a case study using simulation modelling’, Enterprise Information Systems, vol. 4 no. 4, pp. 391–421. Fui-Hoon, F Lee-Shang, J 2001, ‘Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 7 no. 3, pp. 285-296. Grant, D, Hall, R, Wailes, N, Wright, C 2006, ‘The false promise of technological determinism: the case of enterprise resource planning systems,’ New Technology, Work Employment, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 2–15. Head, S 2005, The New Ruthless Economy: Work and Power in the Digital Age, Oxford UP, Oxford. Kraemmerand, P et al. 2003, ‘ERP implementation: an integrat ed process of radical change and continuous learning’, Production Planning Control, vol. 14 no.4, pp. 228–248. Markus, L Tanis, C 2000, The enterprise system experience from adoption to success: Framing the Domains of IT Management: Projecting the Future Through the Past, Pinnaflex Educational Resources, Inc., Cincinnatti, OH. Monk, E Wagner, B 2009, Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning, Course Technology Cengage Learning, Massachusett, Boston. Mureell, S 2001, E–Business and ERP: Rapid Implementation and Project Planning, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, NY. Somers, M, Nelson, K, Ragowsky, A 2000, ‘Enterprise resource planning (ERP) for the next millennium: development of an integrative framework and implications for research’, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 998-1004. Turban, J et al. 2008, Information Technology for Management, Transforming Organisations in the Digital Economy, J ohn Wiley Sons, Inc, Massachusetts. Vilpola, I 2008, ‘A method for improving ERP implementation success by the principles and process of user-centred design’, Enterprise Information Systems, vol. 2 no.1, pp. 47–76. Yusuf, A, Gunasekaran, Y, Abthorpe, M 2004, ‘Enterprise Information Systems Project Implementation: A Case Study of ERP in Rolls-Royce’, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 87 no. 3, pp. 75-81. Definition of Terms Shakedown: Removal of bugs in systems under implementation Project phase: a phase in the implementations of MIS that entails running of a system under implementation by the end users to determine its efficiently and effectiveness Chartering: A decision that entails the definition of business problems and constraints of the possible solutions. ERP: A software application, which enables an organisation to manage effective and also efficient utilisation of resources including human resource, financial resources, an d material resources among others Customisation: Configuration of MIS systems to meet the clients’ business needs Bugs: Errors that influence the functionality of a software application Change management: A group of techniques that are deployed by managers to effect changes in a firm Decision support systems: A type of MIS, which makes it possible for managers to make decisions based on statistical projections and data analysis. This assessment on Information Management Systems in the US medi-corp was written and submitted by user Giselle H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Berninis David in Comparison to Michelangelos David essays

Berninis David in Comparison to Michelangelos David essays Bernini and Michelangelo were two artists that sculpted versions of David. Several differences spring to mind when comparing Berninis sculpture of David with Michelangelos. Those would be the period in which they were sculpted, the size of the statues and especially the moment in time that was chosen. In the next few paragraphs I am prepared to elaborate on these differences. The most obvious difference I believe would be the moment in time that both artists chose to represent in carving their Davids. Berninis David seems to be right in the middle of the battle. He is in the process of using his sling in order to defeat the horrible Goliath. The muscles in his legs are very tight as he is stepping forward. His arms and chest seem to be tensed as if he is in the process of gathering momentum in order to issue a powerful blow with the rock that is about to be hurled from his sling. Also the activity of slinging the stone seems to be pulling Davids robe from his body but Bernini chose to capture this action before he is actually exposing any nudity. This statue was carved during the Baroque Era and is typical of this era because it depicts the subject in motion. This busy work of art certainly represents action in every way. At the time this statue was carved it also gave a new way of looking at space. It seems as if David has actually left his own des ignated area and has sort of spilled over into a space not his own. And lets not forget about how this particular David gives you a concept of specific time which is something else introduced by artists in the Baroque Era. There is no question in your mind that he is in the middle of a rigorous battle. Another interesting thing about Berninis sculpture is that he actually carved it to be life-sized. I think that this helps idealize the realism that was so important to this era in art. In contrast to Berninis David is Michelan ...

Pope Benedict II

Pope Benedict II Pope Benedict II was known for: His extensive knowledge of  Scripture. Benedict was also known to have a fine singing voice. Occupations: PopeSaint Places of Residence and Influence: Italy Important Dates: Confirmed as Pope:  June 26, 684Died:  , 685 About Pope Benedict II: Benedict was Roman, and at an early age he was sent to the schola cantorum, where he became extremely knowledgeable in Scripture.  As a priest he was humble, generous, and good to the poor. He also became known for his singing. Benedict was elected pope shortly after the death of Leo II in June of 683, but it took more than eleven months for his election to be confirmed by Emperor Constantine Pogonatus. The delay inspired him to get the emperor to sign a decree putting an end to the requirement of an emperors confirmation. In spite of this decree,  future popes would  still undergo  an imperial  confirmation process. As pope, Benedict worked to suppress Monothelitism. He restored many churches of Rome, helped the clergy and supported the care of the poor. Benedict died in May of 685. He was succeeded by John V. More Pope Benedict II Resources: Popes BenedictAll about the popes and antipopes  who have gone by the name of Benedict through the Middle Ages and beyond. Pope Benedict II in Print The links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. by Richard P. McBrien by P. G. Maxwell-Stuart Pope Benedict II on the Web Pope St. Benedict IIConcise biography by Horace K. Mann at the Catholic Encyclopedia.St. Benedict IIAdmiring bio at Christs Faithful People. The PapacyChronological List of PopesWhos Who Directories: Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2014 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please visit Abouts Reprint Permissions page. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/bwho/fl/Pope-Benedict-II.htm

Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morality - Essay Example Considering that fundamentalist followers of any religion will have a different moral code from those of a liberal bent, it becomes nearly impossible to take dogma as a guideline for morals. Similarly, there have been times in history where certain laws themselves were unethical and even immoral therefore to follow those laws would be unethical and immoral. Therefore, I feel that my own morals come from ethical guidelines that have been given to us by experts in the field who continually update their suggestions based on changing times. That strikes very close to my idea of life since life itself is full of change and this dynamic nature of life is tremendously exciting. While the basic realties of life itself may not alter everyday, the expanding knowledge and greater understanding we have of the world around us brings changes to our lives which make it worth living. Considering the difference between what we knew a few hundred years ago and what we know today, it is not easy to project how our lives will change in a few years let alone a few decades. Yet the coming changes do not scare me in the least for I know that I will keep trying to improve my own condition as well as those who are around me. If I can devote my life to that purpose alone I would think that I have lived a good life and do not need to go far beyond that. I know that I can not change the world and I know that I probably will never be able to create anything which has a lasting affect beyond one or two generations that follow me. However, it is the idea which excites me that if I try hard enough I will be able to make a difference. Even if it is a small difference it should be something which adds to the quality of life rather than something that subtracts. Therefore, as I keep improving my own abilities and seek out ways in which I can make the lives of people

Operational Management Issues for Services - Mapping a Service Essay

Operational Management Issues for Services - Mapping a Service Operation - Essay Example This critical investigation requires immediate attention in order to increase aircraft security and also to facilitate passengers up to the maximum extent. During the aircraft landing/chock on and take off the pilot is supposed to ensure all the equipments while making necessary confirmations. On the other hand he should inform the tower management regarding the take-off and landing condition, for instance, atmospheric pressure etc. However, if this job is done by the cabin crew then still the pilot must ensure whether or not the tower heads know about their required activities to be performed. The time allocation for pilot’s aircraft investigation activities is missing. Since he is the one who makes the final decision of taking off the airplane therefore he must be given enough time to check the aircraft while also communicating the required information to the crew members. The job descriptions of office people, tower heads and cabin crew are missing. For instance, they are needed to record the entire turnaround procedure while calculating time and delays. The tower heads are supposed to check flight timings, scheduling of other aircrafts, traffic signals, air plane queuing etc. Research indicates that most flights are delayed due to lack of traffic control (WU, 2003, p.314). Therefore, the role of back-office people becomes even more substantial as they need to ensure the presences of all boarding passengers, cabin crew and related staff members. Furthermore, they have to check their identities and baggage. The cabin service activities are missing which constitute of engineering checks, technical checks, airfreight cargo, information verifications etc. The time for overall turnaround process must be reduced in order to increase efficiency, aircraft performance (Thorne, 2007, p.11) and also to remove time delays. The activity graph is also missing from the turnaround operational process which should

Slaughter and the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

Slaughter and the Speckled Band Essay The Two works that I am comparing for this essay are Lamb to the slaughter by Roald Dahl and the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Speckled band is a stereotypical Sherlock Holmes murder mystery written in 1892 and Lamb to the Slaughter was written some 60 years later by Rhoald Dahl in 1954. We can therefore safely expect their to be many differences in plot and language and some themes, but both share the common themes of murder. Both texts are murder mysteries but there is a single important difference. In TSB we are encouraged to find the solution to the murder by assembling our evidence from the text and drawing conclusions as we see fit. There is, though, a red herring clue included to throw the reader, the most obvious example being the presence and the close association of the Gypsies with Dr Roylott. In LTTS we know who has committed the murder and the details, but the fun is in seeing if she will get caught. Both pieces of text have unusual murder weapons but this is a norm with murder mysteries which continues to this day; the Jonathon Creek series being a popular notable example. The characters in both texts are well worth a mention. In TSB the characters are predictable. The strong, brutal male, Dr Roylott is the murderer and the emphasis is less on who and more on how. I dont think that Sir Arthur Doyle would be allowed to get away with this in either the present day climate or the climate of 1954. Just as Dr Roylott is an obvious murder suspect Helen Stoner is the obvious damsel in distress. The dragged out description of her and her features describe a woman with a figure of thirty but starting to sprout premature grey hair. In TSB the characters are subject to a much longer introduction and time of description. Rhoald Dahl does not do this and hardly describes Mary Maloneys physical appearance at all leaving each individual reader to draw his or her image. The reader though cannot disagree on the mindset of Mary Maloney; she is obsessed with her husband and routines. Even though TSB is written in the first person I think we can still tell more about Mary Maloneys character. Sir Arthur Doyle has not delved too deeply into Dr Watsons thoughts and this is deliberate. The only think that Sir Arthur Doyle concentrates on in Dr Watsons subconscious mind is his admiration of Sherlock Holmes, after all they are the Sherlock Holmes series of books and Dr Watson is only a clever literary narrative tool. In LTTS the characters are less predictable. We know that Sir Arthur Doyle did once try to make his characters actions unpredictable to the extreme by killing off Sherlock Holmes but the pressure of public opinion forced him to resurrect his most famous character. The murderer this time is not the brutal male but the supposedly timid housewife. Notice also that the sex of the murderer has changed. It would be fair to say that this would mirror a change in the opinion of the role of women, there gaining of the vote and there rise to equals of the male sex. The feelings and sympathies we have with the murderers is also worthy of attention. We feel sorry for Mary Maloney up to a point in LTTS because she is six months pregnant and we sympathise with her shock and we recognise that her murder was more of a spur of a moment murder rather than a carefully constructed and well executed murder plot as is the case with DR Roylott. The point where I no longer feel sympathetic was when she laughed at the very end of the text. This displayed a deeper evil that had gone unnoticed before in the text. The feelings we feel for the victims are very different. In TSB we feel sorry for the victim in the text, Helen Stoners sister, who is in the prime of her life and is about to get married. This increases our hatred of Dr Roylott. The victim in LTTS is a man who is leaving his wife who is six months pregnant. His conduct up to the point of his death is rude and arrogant. He uses monosyllabic answers to firmly control his wife. Also when he leaves his wife he is more worried about the effect it may have on his job. We are not too sorry to see him go. The two pieces do have a number of similarities. They both have unusual murder weapons and they both remind us that even respectable, or in the case of Dr Roylott once respectable members of the community can kill, whether that is because of financial or personal reasons. They share common themes such as murder, murder mystery and deceit.

Change vs. Development Essay -- essays research papers

Change Vs. Development The concepts of change and development come up frequently in the fields of business, technology, education, sociology, psychology, and many other fields. These concepts may appear to be the same, or similar, but they are very different concepts. According to Webster’s Universal College Dictionary, the definition of change is as follows: â€Å"To make different in form; to transform; to exchange for another or others; to give and take reciprocally; to transfer from one to another; to give or get smaller money; to give or get foreign money in exchange for; to remove and replace the coverings or garments of; to become different; to become altered or modified; to become transformed; to transfer between conveyances; to make an exchange; to pass from one phase to another; a replacement or substitution; a transformation or modification; variety or novelty.† The synonyms for the word change, as listed in Roget’s Desk Thesaurus, are: â€Å"alter, modify, make different, adjust, shift, vary, recast, restyle, remodel, reorganize, reform, revolutionize, transfer, transmute, mutate, transform, turn, convert, metamorphose; exchange, replace, substitute, swap, trade, switch, shift, interchange, shuffle, remove and rep lace; difference, modification, switch, shift, variation, deviation, variety, fluctuation, veering, alteration, conversion, substitution, swapping, reform, reformation, revolution, reorganization, and remodeling.† Roget’s Desk thesaurus even gives a good d...

Great Expectations Thesis Essay

Charles Dickens used Miss Havisham as a symbol of hypothetical imprisonment. Miss Havisham; although not being physically imprisoned as Abel Magwitch, was a strong representation of a mental imprisonment. She was never told to stay locked up in her house rotting away and tormenting herself for years without any human interaction besides that of her step-daughter Estella and eventually Pip. She not only physically imprisons herself but mentally she imprisons her mind into the state of being that all men must suffer, not only trapping herself into an unstable mind set but trapping her daughter as well. First and foremost the obvious physical imprisonment, she stays in her house locked in with her wedding memories: being the â€Å"guilt of the crime†. Miss Havisham sits alone in her house staring at these wedding items that any sane women would have ripped up and destroyed in moments. She’s just simmering in her despair. Miss Havisham’s heartache is what keeps her in her mansion: the â€Å"guards of the prison†. She lays alone because of the pain she’s feeling. She’s unable to escape from the pain and hypothetically â€Å"the guards.† Finally Estella: â€Å"The sentencing of the crime.† Miss Havisham raised Estella to hate men and crush their hearts, in the end Estella crushed Pip’s heart and Miss Havisham couldn’t believe what a monster she had created. Miss Havisham had to deal with the fact that now she was the monstrous heartless man that once broke her heart. Additionally, all of Miss Havisham’s clocks have been stopped at precisely 9:20, she has imprisoned herself in the past in a hypothetical manner. Being that 9:20 was when her fiancà © left her at the altar. She’s painfully reminding herself of the moment of her heartbreak. Being stuck in this moment has trapped her emotionally so she can only feel that terrible depression from her heartbreak. In a way she’s frozen in the past and unwilling to leave: imprisonment. The Satis House: Miss Havisham’s â€Å"prison† in a way reflects her feelings. â€Å"Miss Havisham’s house, which was of old brick and dismal, and had a great many iron bars to it. Some of the windows had been walled up; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred† (55). When first presented this description one’s mind should think of a prison. This description of the house shows being neglected and not cared for, in a way this shows how Miss Havisham must have felt when Compeyson left her at the aisle. Miss Havisham’s feelings then reflect upon the house as a prison. In summation, Miss Havisham is a strong symbol of imprisonment in â€Å"Great Expectations† because of the many different physical and emotional imprisonments she’s gone through in her life. Miss Havisham’s whole life was a very depressing gloomy mess and she spent much of her life trapped with nowhere to turn. Her dress being burned and set in flames gave her freedom and eventual peace. This being the obvious freedom after imprisonment.

Harvey Norman

Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Group case study [pic] Tutor: Dr. Mahesh Joshi Group members: JIN CHEN 3350416 MINGFENG CHI 3316768 JINGHAN REN 3365087 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary3 Introduction4 Source of Finance and financial segments4 Industry and competitor analysis5 Key highlights of financial and operational performance5 Highlights and change of financial performance5 Highlight of operational performance5 Change in accounting policies6 Assets – PPE and Intangibles6 eased assets and liabilities9 Auditor and auditor report11 Reference13 Executive summary Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd, a public company, is one of the most successful retail companies in Australia. They use a unique franchise model with granting franchises to independent business operators, and there are approximately 700 franchisees in Australia. As a retailer, their products include electrical, bedding, computers & communications, bathrooms & home improvements, furniture, small appliances, carpet & floor ing and lighting.In recent years, the company has begun expanding the international market, and there are an increasing number of Harvey Norman stores in New Zealand, Ireland, Slovenia, Malaysia and Singapore. The aim of this report is to show an overview of Harvey Norman’s business based on the 2011 Annual Report of Harvey Norman. This report will mainly focus on their core business, industry, operating activities, financial performance, PPE & intangible and leased assets & liabilities. Finally, independent auditor’s report will discuss their compliance with the AASB standard.COMAPNY Introduction Being a leader in retail stores of electrical, computer, furniture, entertainment and bedding goods, Harvey Norman was founded in 1982, Australia. At first, it is only a single store which sells electrical goods and appliances; however, the opening has proved to be a great success. With more and more stores open, Harvey Norman changed its operation into superstore format at t he beginning of the 1990s. After that Harvey Norman has been expanding its business globally and keepsincreasing the diversity of its products.In the financial year of 2011, Harvey Norman has gained an after tax net profit of 252. 26 million. And this makes it to be ranked at the 126th position out of 2000 large companies in Australia. (IBIS World, 2011) Source of Finance and financial segments Harvey Norman Holding LTD generally generates its revenue from those four segments below: †¢ Franchisee: with holding 195 franchise stores in Australia, it contributes the largest part to its company’s sales revenue. This revenue is consisting of the franchise fee and interest of franchise loans.However, due to the downturn of the whole economic environment, the franchisees themselves are struggling to keep their business alive. In my opinion, it is dangerous for Harvey Norman to be too rely on the franchising revenue. †¢ Retail store: excluding the 195 franchise outlets with in Australia, the company is running 96 complexes department by the time of 30 of June 2011, which are 26 more than 2010. †¢ Property: the property income Harvey Norman LTD is mainly coming from the rental of the franchisees and some other outlets who are renting their complex. Other businesses: as a public listed company, Harvey Norman also earns a good amount of revenue from trading its listed securities. Industry and competitor analysis As the main services the company is retailing. The industry it involves would be retailing industry of computer and software, household appliances and furniture. However, as the integrating of online services and strength of Australiandollar, the retailing industry has been very much affected. Even the chairman of Harvey Norman had commented the macro-environment to be challenging and difficult.Fortunately, as introduced above, although retailing has always been the core business activity of the company, it does not constitute the major part of its financial performance. The diversity of business activities leads a multiple option of financial growth. The main competitors of Harvey Norman Holding LTD is the group of J B HI-FI, who has declared a sales revenue from 2. 73Bn to 2. 96Bn as an increase of 8. 3% (P. 2, JB HI-FI annual report 2011), compares to the increase of 9% of Harvey Norman.According to the figure,it seems Harvey Norman is doing better than J B HI-FI, but the business segment for J B HI-FI is much less diversified than Harvey Norman, therefore, J B HI-FI is actually doing better in just viewing the computer and software segment. Key highlights of financial and operational performance †¢ Highlights and change of financial performance There is no significant increase or deduction in terms of financial performance. There is a slightly downturn showing in the franchising sales revenue from 5. 9bn to 5. 08bn contributed by almost the same amount of outlets. Basic earnings per share have increased from 21 . 78c to 23. 75c whilst a decrease of 2c in dividend per share compared with 2010. After closing date of report, the company announced 7 Clive Peters and Rick Hart may close and the rest of 18 stores will be changed into Harvey Norman format. The shutdown of 7 stores is to estimate to incur a charge around $10 million in the financial report of 2012. †¢ Highlight of operational performanceA very significant key operational activity occurs after the reporting date of 2011, which is Harvey Norman, launched its online retail store in the October of 2011. The company has fully confidence in this action and believes it will make a good difference in the financial report of 2012 Change in accounting policies According to Australian Accounting Standards, a few accounting policies have been put out recently but have not yet shown its effect on the report of 2011 will result an impact on 2012. Assets – PPE and Intangibles PPE 1. The carrying amount of each class of PPE, at report ing date, of Harvey Norman a. PPEIn accounting system, property, plant and equipment are belong to tangible asset and recorded as non-current asset if they are kept for more than one year or beyond the normal cycle of the entity. According to AASB116, if the cost of an item can be measured reliably and the future benefit will flow to the entity, then the items of property, plant and equipment can be recognized as PPE. b. Each class of PPE It can be seen from the HN’s note 12 that the PPE of HN was classified into: (1) Land and Buildings; (2) Plant and Equipment; (3) Lease make good asset. And the carrying amount of each class of PPE is showed in the below table: Category |Land and buildings | Plant and Equipment ($’000) |Lease make good asset |Total | | |($’000) | |($’000) |($’000) | |Year | | | | | |2010 |230,595 |206,563 |1,875 |439,033 | |2011 |257,765 |254,714 |500 |512,479 |According to the table, the total amount of PPE was about $512 million in 2011, which was much higher than the amount of 2010 about 73 million. 2. The accounting policies relating to PPE adopted by Harvey Norman. HN used cost model, under the AASB116. 73, to disclose items on PPE that each item was measured at historical costs or deemed costs less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. (Statement of Significant Accounting Police 1(d)(v)) The land and buildings were measured at fair value, then less the accumulated depreciation.After that, the impairment loses were recorded when the revaluation was done. Besides, the straight- line method was used to calculate the asset’s depreciation during the estimated useful life. According to AASB116. 73 (e), each class of PPE should disclose a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the period, and the changes include additions, disposals, impairment and amortization. In the HN’s report, the assets’ residual values, useful lives and amortization methods were adjusted in the end of financial year.Intangible assets 1. The intangible assets reported by Harvey Norman and their composition and relevance to this company’s business. Intangible assets are usually treated as non-monetary assets without physical substance. Therefore, they must be separately stated in company’s financial statement. By following the accounting standard, HN’s intangible assets are classified into three categories: (a) Computer Software; (b) Goodwill; (c) Licence Property; Category |Computer Software ($’000) |Goodwill |Licence Property |Total | | | | |($’000) |($’000) | |Year | |($’000) | | | |2010 |23,745 |11 |473 |24,229 | |2011 |57,791 |9 |494 |58,294 |HN’s report demonstrated that there was about $58 million in intangible assets in 2011, which showed a huge increase when compared to $24 million in 2010. Besides, it is clearly showed in the table that the Computer Software took the most part of t he intangible asset 2. The accounting policies relating to Intangible Assets adopted by Harvey Norman. All the disclosed intangible assets should comply with the AASB 138. 3/4/9, and the intangible asset which has an infinite useful life cannot be amortized in the annual report, based on AASB138. 107. Furthermore, in accordance with AASB 136. 08, an entity is required to test an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life for impairment by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount annually or there is an indication of impairment. In the annual report, the intangible assets of HN in its annual report consist of two parts: (a) Identifiable intangible assets:Computer Software and Licence Property (which have a finite life and are amortised using the straight-line method over the useful lifes, computer software is no greater than 7. 5 years). (b) Unidentifiable intangible assets: Goodwill which accounts for only a little proportion of its total intangible assets. Goo dwill is not amortised, but it should be tested about impairment on an annual basis). The gains or losses from both two kinds of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal amount and carrying amount. 3. The items of impaired PPE or Intangible Assets of Harvey Norman According to AASB116, under cost model, the carrying amounts of assets should be reviewed during every financial reporting period to determine whether there is impairment. An impairment gain or loss should be recognized immediately if the carrying amount is lower or higher than the recoverable amount. PPE (a) Impairment of Plant and EquipmentUnder this standard, a review of the recoverable amount of assets resulted in an impairment gain of $968,000. Intangible Assets The computer software has a finite life and is amortised over the useful life, but goodwill has an infinite life, then, it is only subject to impairment test if there is an indication of impairment. (a) Impairment of Computer S oftware Under this standard, a review of the recoverable amount of assets resulted in an impairment loss of $674,000. leased assets and liabilities The lease liabilities consist of finance leases, AASB 117 – par 11, and operation leases, AASB 117 – par 12.This paper will analyze finance leases first, and then followed by operation leases. Firstly, the detail of the finance leases, numeric disclosure required by AASB117. In 2011 are: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p104, p105) Secondly, the detail of operating leases, numeric disclosure required by AASB 117. In 2011 are: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p105) Finance lease receivables are reconciled to amounts receivable in respect of finance leases as follows: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p77) According to the information illustrated in 2011 Annual report page 63, amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables.Finance lease receivables are primarily recognized at amounts equal to the present value of any unguaranteed residual value expected to accrue at the end of the lease term plus the minimum lease payments receivable. Finance lease payments are apportioned between reduction of the lease receivable over the term of the lease and interest revenue so that it can reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease (Annual Report 2011, p63). Leases where the lessor retains substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of the asset are recognized as operating leases.Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income. Operating lease payments are classified as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term (Annual Report 2011, p63). Auditor and auditor report Ernst & Young is the independent auditor which is appointed to Harvey Norman Ltd. They have high reputat ion to satisfy the credible auditor requirements. We can find the auditor’s opinion on page 140 of annual report.According to the content in the auditor’s report and opinion issued by the auditor. This annual report is definitely an unqualified report because the auditor claims in their report that the financial report of Harvey Norman Ltd complies the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards by giving a true and fair view of the company’s financial position. The financial report is also in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. An unqualified opinion also represents that any differences between management and auditor with accounting matters have been resolved to the auditor’s satisfaction.Conclusion This report states a lot of important information about the business performance of Harvey Norman, which can be compared with competitors and within the retail market. As one of the most successful retail companies in Au stralia, Harvey Norman’s core business include leasing properties, granting franchises to independent business operators who retail all kinds of products for home and office. In the financial year of 2011, Harvey Norman has gained an after tax net profit of 252. 26 million. Its financial statements complied with the accounting standards and the accounting methods were generally discussed.PPE and Intangible assets were also explained to associate with all the related requirements of AASB involving their disclosures. Moreover, the company followed the Corporations Act as well as International Financial Reporting Standards, and disclosed all the information required, which can be proved by unqualified auditor report issued by Ernst& Young. All the information given by 2011 Annual report can be relied by public to make decision on general purpose. Reference Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd, IBIS World (2011) Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd-Premium Company Report Australia, viewed 20 August 2012,J B HIFI, J B HIFI (2011) J B HIFI ANNUAL REPORT 2011 P. 2, viewed 20 August 2012, < http://www. jbhifi. com. au/documents/reports/110_2011-09-09_4-04-34. pdf> Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Australian Packaging Covenant Action Plan 2010 – 2015 Revised March 2012, viewed 23 August 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Company Profile, viewed 23 August 2012, Australian Standard Aboard, AASB 116, 117, 136, 138 2011 Accounting standards, viewed 23 August 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Annual report 2011, p63, p77, p104, p105, viewed 22 August 2012,

Panic Disorder essays

Panic Disorder essays Imagine that you are sitting alone in your room. It is quiet, and you are calmly reading a book. Suddenly someone comes up behind you and yells Hey!! You become startled and frightened. A surge of adrenaline overcomes your body. Your heart begins to race, your legs to tremble, you have butterflies in your stomach. After a moment, those effects have passed, and your body feels normal once again. These are the same symptoms you may suffer from if you are afflicted with Panic Disorder. In the case of Panic Disorder however, these feelings of distress can be experienced frequently, even when there is no situation presented to warrant them. Panic Disorder is a form of Anxiety Disorder, and is suffered by up to 2.4 million Americans each year. It is classified by those who suffer from frequent and unprovoked panic attacks, along with feelings of anxiety about when and where the next attack will take place. (www.nimh.nih.gov) Signs of this disorder usually begin at the end of adolescence, ages 18-24. They can be due to hereditary factors, or stress. Although it is undetermined why, women are twice as likely to develop the disorder. (http://panicdisorder.about.com) Although panic attacks can be a normal thing, and most people will experience a panic attack at some point throughout their lives, when they become frequent it is often a sign for concern. When panic attacks turn into panic disorder, it becomes a life altering condition. Because of the debilitating nature of such attacks, sufferers are often times left unable to cope with the most routine situations. Panic attacks provoke very intense feelings of distress in those who suffer from them. People describe a variety of very disturbing symptoms when experiencing such an episode. Many experience the feeling of impending death, and feelings that there surroundings are surreal. Physical symptoms include a significantly increased heartbeat, s...

Star Wars Day! 4 Great Grammatical Mistakes from Hollywood

Star Wars Day! 4 Great Grammatical Mistakes from Hollywood Star Wars Day! 4 Great Grammatical Mistakes from Hollywood To celebrate Star Wars Day – slogan, â€Å"May the 4th Be With You† – we’re delving into the murky world of Hollywood movies. And while Tinsel Town might be a â€Å"Dream Factory† where fantasies are brought to life, it hasn’t always been a good grammatical role model. For example†¦ 1. Eight Legged Freaks Punctuation is often the first thing to go in a movie poster. Examples include the comma-less Burn Hollywood Burn and the missing question mark at the end of Who Framed Roger Rabbit. However, more worrying is the hyphen absent from Eight Legged Freaks. Maybe the spider dislodged the hyphen with its foot? (Warner Bros. Pictures) If this was a movie about giant spiders, as the poster suggests, the title should be â€Å"Eight-Legged Freaks.† But it isn’t, so we can only assume it’s about eight freaky people instead. The Pogues, maybe. 2. Honey, I Shrunk the Kids The more you think about it, the weirder â€Å"shrunk† sounds. (Walt Disney Pictures) We’ll give Honey, I Shrunk the Kids credit for knowing how a comma works. But this title still falls short. This is because â€Å"shrunk† is the past participle of â€Å"shrink,† while the simple past tense is â€Å"shrank.† As such, it should be called either Honey, I Shrank the Kids or Honey, I’ve Shrunk the Kids. In protest, we refuse to acknowledge Rick Moranis in any other role until this has been fixed. 3. Into the Wild While there’s nothing ungrammatical about the title of Into the Wild, the poster does feature the cryptic statement â€Å"Screenplay and Directed by Sean Penn.† What could this mean? â€Å"Hey guys, I’m just busy screenplaying this screenplay.† (River Road Entertainment) â€Å"Screenplay† is a noun, so â€Å"Screenplay by Sean Penn† would simply mean Sean Penn wrote the screenplay. And â€Å"directed† is a verb, so â€Å"Directed by Sean Penn† would be easy enough to understand. But put these together and we’re left with two unfortunate possibilities: Sean Penn thinks â€Å"screenplay† is a past tense verb. The poster designer didn’t care about grammatical parallelism. Neither option give us a lot of confidence in Hollywood’s proofreading. 4. Star Wars: The Force Awakens It’s Star Wars Day, so this list wouldn’t be complete without an appearance from the famous sci-fi franchise. And we’re going to pick on Star Wars: The Force Awakens. This movie is interesting for the lack of commas around â€Å"Luke† when they identify Leia’s brother in the opening text crawl. (Lucasfilm Ltd./Bad Robot Productions) As this article points out, we use parenthetical commas to add non-essential details, such as a name when we already know who a sentence is about. So, if Leia only had one brother, the opening crawl should say: She is desperate to find her brother, Luke, and gain his help†¦ The commas here show us that the name is an extra detail: we know who â€Å"her brother† is without saying â€Å"Luke† because Leia only has one brother. But the crawl in The Force Awakens says: She is desperate to find her brother Luke and gain his help†¦ And this opened up the possibility  that Leia had additional male siblings somewhere! Was J. J. Abrams hinting at something in the future of the Star Wars series? Unfortunately, the answer is â€Å"no.† Despite some excitement on the internet, it was just a punctuation error. But that’s still a more satisfying twist than the ending of Lost, so maybe we can give J. J. a pass on this one.

Strategic Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Management Assignment - Essay Example What this study found was that firms in the restaurant industry varied in their responses to such outside pressure depending on their levels of susceptibility or vulnerabilities based on multi-theoretic models. The findings provide important lesson for strategic management on how to respond to such external pressures for organizational change. Special interest groups (SIG) are not entirely new but they are becoming more activist in their demands to get what they want. Companies cannot avoid their influence as they are forced to respond in order to preserve legitimacy, goodwill and public image. The first theory is institutional perspective in which business firms are pressed to conform to certain norms depending on their degree of visibility. The next, resource-dependence theory, organizations can be particularly vulnerable to pressure if they are dependent on vital external inputs and are therefore more likely to make certain accommodations or concessions to outside demands as they are afraid of disruptions in resource or input inflows. The third resource-based theory looks at the firms internal capabilities in how it can predictably respond to such outside pressures. Those firms with dynamic capabilities are better able to resist such pressure as they can efficiently and quickly alter their ways of competing through innovative skills. The flexibility allows them more rapid responses. The last theory is organizational cognition in which firms are considered interpretive systems based on their top managers sense of urgency and